# Deploy Kubernetes and Authenticate with Config

## Application Scenario

Cloud Container Engine (CCE) is a high-reliability, high-performance enterprise-grade container management service that supports Kubernetes community native applications and tools. When using the Kubernetes provider to manage Kubernetes resources in a CCE cluster, it is necessary to correctly configure the Kubernetes provider to connect to the CCE cluster. This best practice will introduce how to use Terraform to automatically configure the Kubernetes provider by saving the KubeConfig configuration of the CCE cluster to a local file, and then using that configuration file to configure the Kubernetes provider to achieve connection to the CCE cluster. This approach is suitable for scenarios that require persisting KubeConfig configuration or using standard Kubernetes configuration files. This best practice includes querying availability zones and instance flavors, as well as creating infrastructure such as VPC, subnet, Elastic IP, CCE cluster, node, and generating KubeConfig configuration files and configuring the Kubernetes provider.

## Related Resources/Data Sources

This best practice involves the following main resources and data sources:

### Data Sources

- [Availability Zones Query Data Source (data.huaweicloud\_availability\_zones)](https://registry.terraform.io/providers/huaweicloud/huaweicloud/latest/docs/data-sources/availability_zones)
- [Compute Flavors Query Data Source (data.huaweicloud\_compute\_flavors)](https://registry.terraform.io/providers/huaweicloud/huaweicloud/latest/docs/data-sources/compute_flavors)

### Resources

- [VPC Resource (huaweicloud\_vpc)](https://registry.terraform.io/providers/huaweicloud/huaweicloud/latest/docs/resources/vpc)
- [VPC Subnet Resource (huaweicloud\_vpc\_subnet)](https://registry.terraform.io/providers/huaweicloud/huaweicloud/latest/docs/resources/vpc_subnet)
- [Elastic IP Resource (huaweicloud\_vpc\_eip)](https://registry.terraform.io/providers/huaweicloud/huaweicloud/latest/docs/resources/vpc_eip)
- [CCE Cluster Resource (huaweicloud\_cce\_cluster)](https://registry.terraform.io/providers/huaweicloud/huaweicloud/latest/docs/resources/cce_cluster)
- [Key Pair Resource (huaweicloud\_kps\_keypair)](https://registry.terraform.io/providers/huaweicloud/huaweicloud/latest/docs/resources/kps_keypair)
- [CCE Node Resource (huaweicloud\_cce\_node)](https://registry.terraform.io/providers/huaweicloud/huaweicloud/latest/docs/resources/cce_node)
- [Local File Resource (local\_file)](https://registry.terraform.io/providers/hashicorp/local/latest/docs/resources/file)

### Resource/Data Source Dependencies

```
data.huaweicloud_availability_zones
    ├── huaweicloud_vpc_subnet
    └── data.huaweicloud_compute_flavors
        └── huaweicloud_cce_node

huaweicloud_vpc
    └── huaweicloud_vpc_subnet
        └── huaweicloud_cce_cluster
            └── huaweicloud_cce_node
                └── local_file

huaweicloud_vpc_eip
    └── huaweicloud_cce_cluster
        └── huaweicloud_cce_node
            └── local_file

huaweicloud_kps_keypair
    └── huaweicloud_cce_node
        └── local_file
```

## Implementation Steps

### 1. Script Preparation

Prepare the TF file (such as main.tf) for writing the current best practice script in the specified workspace, ensuring that it (or other TF files in the same directory) contains the provider version declaration and Huawei Cloud authentication information required for deploying resources. For configuration introduction, refer to the introduction in [Preparation Before Deploying Huawei Cloud Resources](https://hcbp.gitbook.io/huaweicloud-provider/product-introduction/prepare_before_deploy).

### 2. Configure Kubernetes Provider

Since this best practice requires using the Kubernetes provider to manage Kubernetes resources, you need to configure the Kubernetes provider in the providers.tf file. Add the following script to the providers.tf file:

```hcl
terraform {
  required_version = ">= 1.9.0"

  required_providers {
    ...
    kubernetes = {
      source  = "hashicorp/kubernetes"
      version = ">= 1.6.2"
    }
  }
}

# Configure Kubernetes provider using local KubeConfig configuration file for authentication
provider "kubernetes" {
  config_path    = local_file.test.filename
  config_context = "external"
}
```

**Parameter Description**:

- **config\_path**: The path to the Kubernetes configuration file, referencing the filename of the local file resource (local\_file.test), which contains the KubeConfig configuration obtained from the CCE cluster
- **config\_context**: Kubernetes configuration context, set to "external" to use the external access context

> Note: The Kubernetes provider connects to the CCE cluster by reading the local KubeConfig configuration file. The configuration file is obtained from the kube\_config\_raw attribute of the CCE cluster by the local\_file resource and saved to the local file.

### 3. Query Availability Zones Required for Resource Creation Through Data Source

Add the following script to the TF file (such as main.tf) to inform Terraform to perform a data source query, the query results are used to create related resources:

```hcl
variable "availability_zone" {
  description = "The availability zone where the resources will be created"
  type        = string
  default     = ""
}

# Get all availability zone information in the specified region (defaults to inheriting the region specified in the current provider block when region parameter is missing) for creating related resources
data "huaweicloud_availability_zones" "test" {
  count = var.availability_zone == "" ? 1 : 0
}
```

**Parameter Description**:

- **count**: The number of data source queries, used to control whether to query availability zone information, only when `var.availability_zone` is empty, the availability zone information is queried

### 4. Create VPC Resource (Optional)

Add the following script to the TF file to inform Terraform to create VPC resources (if VPC ID is not specified):

```hcl
variable "vpc_id" {
  description = "The ID of the VPC"
  type        = string
  default     = ""
}

variable "vpc_name" {
  description = "The name of the VPC"
  type        = string
  default     = ""

  validation {
    condition     = var.vpc_id != "" || var.vpc_name != ""
    error_message = "vpc_name must be provided if vpc_id is not provided."
  }
}

variable "vpc_cidr" {
  description = "The CIDR block of the VPC"
  type        = string
  default     = "192.168.0.0/16"
}

# Create VPC resource in the specified region (defaults to inheriting the region specified in the current provider block when region parameter is missing) for providing network environment for cluster
resource "huaweicloud_vpc" "test" {
  count = var.vpc_id == "" && var.subnet_id == "" ? 1 : 0

  name = var.vpc_name
  cidr = var.vpc_cidr
}
```

**Parameter Description**:

- **count**: The number of resource creations, used to control whether to create VPC resource, only when both `var.vpc_id` and `var.subnet_id` are empty, the VPC resource is created
- **name**: The name of the VPC, assigned by referencing input variable `vpc_name`
- **cidr**: The CIDR block of the VPC, assigned by referencing input variable `vpc_cidr`, default is "192.168.0.0/16"

### 5. Create VPC Subnet Resource (Optional)

Add the following script to the TF file to inform Terraform to create VPC subnet resources (if subnet ID is not specified):

```hcl
variable "subnet_id" {
  description = "The ID of the subnet"
  type        = string
  default     = ""
}

variable "subnet_name" {
  description = "The name of the subnet"
  type        = string
  default     = ""

  validation {
    condition     = var.subnet_id == "" || var.subnet_name == ""
    error_message = "subnet_name must be provided if subnet_id is not provided."
  }
}

variable "subnet_cidr" {
  description = "The CIDR block of the subnet"
  type        = string
  default     = ""
}

variable "subnet_gateway_ip" {
  description = "The gateway IP of the subnet"
  type        = string
  default     = ""
}

# Create VPC subnet resource in the specified region (defaults to inheriting the region specified in the current provider block when region parameter is missing) for providing network environment for cluster
resource "huaweicloud_vpc_subnet" "test" {
  count = var.subnet_id == "" ? 1 : 0

  vpc_id            = var.vpc_id != "" ? var.vpc_id : huaweicloud_vpc.test[0].id
  name              = var.subnet_name
  cidr              = var.subnet_cidr != "" ? var.subnet_cidr : cidrsubnet(huaweicloud_vpc.test[0].cidr, 4, 0)
  gateway_ip        = var.subnet_gateway_ip != "" ? var.subnet_gateway_ip : var.subnet_cidr != "" ? cidrhost(var.subnet_cidr, 1) : cidrhost(cidrsubnet(huaweicloud_vpc.test[0].cidr, 4, 0), 1)
  availability_zone = var.availability_zone != "" ? var.availability_zone : try(data.huaweicloud_availability_zones.test[0].names[0], null)
}
```

**Parameter Description**:

- **count**: The number of resource creations, used to control whether to create VPC subnet resource, only when `var.subnet_id` is empty, the VPC subnet resource is created
- **vpc\_id**: The VPC ID to which the subnet belongs, if the VPC ID is specified, use that value, otherwise assign by referencing the ID of the VPC resource (huaweicloud\_vpc.test\[0])
- **name**: The name of the subnet, assigned by referencing input variable `subnet_name`
- **cidr**: The CIDR block of the subnet, if the subnet CIDR is specified, use that value, otherwise automatically calculate based on the VPC's CIDR block using the `cidrsubnet` function
- **gateway\_ip**: The gateway IP of the subnet, if the gateway IP is specified, use that value, otherwise automatically calculate based on the subnet CIDR or automatically calculated subnet CIDR using the `cidrhost` function
- **availability\_zone**: The availability zone where the subnet is located, if the availability zone is specified, use that value, otherwise use the first availability zone from the availability zone list query data source

### 6. Create Elastic IP Resource (Optional)

Add the following script to the TF file to inform Terraform to create Elastic IP resources (if EIP address is not specified):

```hcl
variable "eip_address" {
  description = "The EIP address of the CCE cluster"
  type        = string
  default     = ""
}

variable "eip_type" {
  description = "The type of the EIP"
  type        = string
  default     = "5_bgp"
}

variable "bandwidth_name" {
  description = "The name of the bandwidth"
  type        = string
  default     = ""
}

variable "bandwidth_size" {
  description = "The size of the bandwidth"
  type        = number
  default     = 5
}

variable "bandwidth_share_type" {
  description = "The share type of the bandwidth"
  type        = string
  default     = "PER"
}

variable "bandwidth_charge_mode" {
  description = "The charge mode of the bandwidth"
  type        = string
  default     = "traffic"
}

# Create Elastic IP resource in the specified region (defaults to inheriting the region specified in the current provider block when region parameter is missing) for providing public network access capability for cluster
resource "huaweicloud_vpc_eip" "test" {
  count = var.eip_address == "" ? 1 : 0

  publicip {
    type = var.eip_type
  }

  bandwidth {
    name        = var.bandwidth_name
    size        = var.bandwidth_size
    share_type  = var.bandwidth_share_type
    charge_mode = var.bandwidth_charge_mode
  }
}
```

**Parameter Description**:

- **count**: The number of resource creations, used to control whether to create Elastic IP resource, only when `var.eip_address` is empty, the Elastic IP resource is created
- **publicip**: Public IP configuration block
  - **type**: Public IP type, assigned by referencing input variable `eip_type`, default is "5\_bgp" for full dynamic BGP
- **bandwidth**: Bandwidth configuration block
  - **name**: The name of the bandwidth, assigned by referencing input variable `bandwidth_name`
  - **size**: Bandwidth size (Mbps), assigned by referencing input variable `bandwidth_size`, default is 5
  - **share\_type**: Bandwidth share type, assigned by referencing input variable `bandwidth_share_type`, default is "PER" for dedicated
  - **charge\_mode**: Bandwidth charge mode, assigned by referencing input variable `bandwidth_charge_mode`, default is "traffic" for pay-per-traffic

### 7. Create CCE Cluster Resource

Add the following script to the TF file to inform Terraform to create CCE cluster resources:

```hcl
variable "cluster_name" {
  description = "The name of the CCE cluster"
  type        = string
}

variable "cluster_flavor_id" {
  description = "The flavor ID of the CCE cluster"
  type        = string
  default     = "cce.s1.small"
}

variable "cluster_version" {
  description = "The version of the CCE cluster"
  type        = string
  default     = null
  nullable    = true
}

variable "cluster_type" {
  description = "The type of the CCE cluster"
  type        = string
  default     = "VirtualMachine"
}

variable "container_network_type" {
  description = "The type of container network"
  type        = string
  default     = "overlay_l2"
}

variable "authentication_mode" {
  description = "The authentication mode of the CCE cluster"
  type        = string
  default     = "rbac"
}

variable "delete_all_resources_on_terminal" {
  description = "Whether to delete all resources on terminal"
  type        = bool
  default     = true
}

# Create CCE cluster resource in the specified region (defaults to inheriting the region specified in the current provider block when region parameter is missing) for deploying and managing containerized applications
resource "huaweicloud_cce_cluster" "test" {
  name                   = var.cluster_name
  flavor_id              = var.cluster_flavor_id
  cluster_version        = var.cluster_version
  cluster_type           = var.cluster_type
  container_network_type = var.container_network_type
  vpc_id                 = var.vpc_id != "" ? var.vpc_id : huaweicloud_vpc.test[0].id
  subnet_id              = var.subnet_id != "" ? var.subnet_id : huaweicloud_vpc_subnet.test[0].id
  eip                    = var.eip_address != "" ? var.eip_address : huaweicloud_vpc_eip.test[0].address
  authentication_mode    = var.authentication_mode
  delete_all             = var.delete_all_resources_on_terminal ? "true" : "false"
}
```

**Parameter Description**:

- **name**: The name of the CCE cluster, assigned by referencing input variable `cluster_name`
- **flavor\_id**: The flavor ID of the CCE cluster, assigned by referencing input variable `cluster_flavor_id`, default is "cce.s1.small" for small cluster
- **cluster\_version**: The version of the CCE cluster, assigned by referencing input variable `cluster_version`, if null, the latest version will be used
- **cluster\_type**: The type of the CCE cluster, assigned by referencing input variable `cluster_type`, default is "VirtualMachine" for virtual machine type
- **container\_network\_type**: Container network type, assigned by referencing input variable `container_network_type`, default is "overlay\_l2" for L2 network
- **vpc\_id**: VPC ID, if the VPC ID is specified, use that value, otherwise assign by referencing the ID of the VPC resource (huaweicloud\_vpc.test\[0])
- **subnet\_id**: Subnet ID, if the subnet ID is specified, use that value, otherwise assign by referencing the ID of the VPC subnet resource (huaweicloud\_vpc\_subnet.test\[0])
- **eip**: Elastic IP address, if the EIP address is specified, use that value, otherwise assign by referencing the address of the Elastic IP resource (huaweicloud\_vpc\_eip.test\[0])
- **authentication\_mode**: The authentication mode of the cluster, assigned by referencing input variable `authentication_mode`, default is "rbac" for role-based access control
- **delete\_all**: Whether to delete all resources on termination, assigned by referencing input variable `delete_all_resources_on_terminal`, default is "true" to delete all resources

### 8. Query Instance Flavors Required for Node Resource Creation Through Data Source

Add the following script to the TF file to inform Terraform to query instance flavors that meet the conditions:

```hcl
variable "node_flavor_id" {
  description = "The flavor ID of the node"
  type        = string
  default     = ""
}

variable "node_performance_type" {
  description = "The performance type of the node"
  type        = string
  default     = "general"
}

variable "node_cpu_core_count" {
  description = "The CPU core count of the node"
  type        = number
  default     = 4
}

variable "node_memory_size" {
  description = "The memory size of the node"
  type        = number
  default     = 8
}

# Get all instance flavor information that meets specific conditions in the specified region (defaults to inheriting the region specified in the current provider block when region parameter is missing) for creating related resources
data "huaweicloud_compute_flavors" "test" {
  count = var.node_flavor_id == "" ? 1 : 0

  performance_type  = var.node_performance_type
  cpu_core_count    = var.node_cpu_core_count
  memory_size       = var.node_memory_size
  availability_zone = var.availability_zone != "" ? var.availability_zone : try(data.huaweicloud_availability_zones.test[0].names[0], null)
}
```

**Parameter Description**:

- **count**: The number of data source queries, used to control whether to query instance flavor information, only when `var.node_flavor_id` is empty, the instance flavor information is queried
- **performance\_type**: Performance type, assigned through input variable `node_performance_type`, default is "general" for general purpose
- **cpu\_core\_count**: CPU core count, assigned through input variable `node_cpu_core_count`, default is 4 cores
- **memory\_size**: Memory size (GB), assigned through input variable `node_memory_size`, default is 8GB
- **availability\_zone**: The availability zone where the instance flavor is located, if the availability zone is specified, use that value, otherwise use the first availability zone from the availability zone list query data source

### 9. Create Key Pair Resource

Add the following script to the TF file to inform Terraform to create key pair resources:

```hcl
variable "keypair_name" {
  description = "The name of the keypair"
  type        = string
}

# Create key pair resource in the specified region (defaults to inheriting the region specified in the current provider block when region parameter is missing) for accessing the node
resource "huaweicloud_kps_keypair" "test" {
  name = var.keypair_name
}
```

**Parameter Description**:

- **name**: The name of the key pair, assigned by referencing input variable `keypair_name`

### 10. Create CCE Node Resource

Add the following script to the TF file to inform Terraform to create CCE node resources:

```hcl
variable "node_name" {
  description = "The name of the node"
  type        = string
}

variable "root_volume_type" {
  description = "The type of the root volume"
  type        = string
  default     = "SATA"
}

variable "root_volume_size" {
  description = "The size of the root volume"
  type        = number
  default     = 40
}

variable "data_volumes_configuration" {
  description = "The configuration of the data volumes"
  type = list(object({
    volumetype = string
    size       = number
  }))

  default = []
}

# Create CCE node resource in the specified region (defaults to inheriting the region specified in the current provider block when region parameter is missing) for providing compute capacity to the cluster
resource "huaweicloud_cce_node" "test" {
  cluster_id        = huaweicloud_cce_cluster.test.id
  name              = var.node_name
  flavor_id         = var.node_flavor_id != "" ? var.node_flavor_id : try(data.huaweicloud_compute_flavors.test[0].flavors[0].id, null)
  availability_zone = var.availability_zone != "" ? var.availability_zone : try(data.huaweicloud_availability_zones.test[0].names[0], null)
  key_pair          = huaweicloud_kps_keypair.test.name

  root_volume {
    volumetype = var.root_volume_type
    size       = var.root_volume_size
  }

  dynamic "data_volumes" {
    for_each = var.data_volumes_configuration

    content {
      volumetype = data_volumes.value.volumetype
      size       = data_volumes.value.size
    }
  }
}
```

**Parameter Description**:

- **cluster\_id**: CCE cluster ID, assigned by referencing the ID of the CCE cluster resource (huaweicloud\_cce\_cluster.test)
- **name**: The name of the node, assigned by referencing input variable `node_name`
- **flavor\_id**: Node flavor ID, if the node flavor ID is specified, use that value, otherwise assign by using the first flavor ID from the instance flavor list query data source
- **availability\_zone**: The availability zone where the node is located, if the availability zone is specified, use that value, otherwise assign by using the first availability zone from the availability zone list query data source
- **key\_pair**: Key pair name, assigned by referencing the name of the key pair resource (huaweicloud\_kps\_keypair.test)
- **root\_volume**: Root volume configuration block
  - **volumetype**: Root volume type, assigned by referencing input variable `root_volume_type`, default is "SATA"
  - **size**: Root volume size (GB), assigned by referencing input variable `root_volume_size`, default is 40GB
- **data\_volumes**: Data volume configuration block, creates multiple data volume configurations through dynamic block (dynamic block) based on input variable `data_volumes_configuration`
  - **volumetype**: Data volume type, assigned through `volumetype` in input variable `data_volumes_configuration`
  - **size**: Data volume size (GB), assigned through `size` in input variable `data_volumes_configuration`

### 11. Create Local KubeConfig Configuration File

Add the following script to the TF file to inform Terraform to create a local KubeConfig configuration file:

```hcl
# Create local KubeConfig configuration file for configuring Kubernetes provider
resource "local_file" "test" {
  content  = huaweicloud_cce_cluster.test.kube_config_raw
  filename = ".kube/config"

  provisioner "local-exec" {
    command = "rm -rf .kube"
    when    = destroy
  }
}
```

**Parameter Description**:

- **content**: File content, referencing the kube\_config\_raw attribute of the CCE cluster resource (huaweicloud\_cce\_cluster.test), which contains the complete KubeConfig configuration content
- **filename**: File path, set to ".kube/config", which is the standard Kubernetes configuration file path
- **provisioner**: Local executor configuration block, used to clean up the .kube directory when the resource is destroyed
  - **command**: Command to execute, delete the .kube directory
  - **when**: Execution timing, set to "destroy" to execute when the resource is destroyed

> Note: The local\_file resource saves the KubeConfig configuration of the CCE cluster to a local file, and the Kubernetes provider can connect to the CCE cluster by reading this file. The provisioner is used to clean up the configuration file when the resource is destroyed to avoid leaving sensitive information.

### 12. Preset Input Parameters Required for Resource Deployment

In this practice, some resources and data sources use input variables to assign configuration content, and these input parameters need to be manually entered during subsequent deployment. At the same time, Terraform provides a method to preset these configurations through `tfvars` files, which can avoid repeated input during each execution.

Create a `terraform.tfvars` file in the working directory, example content is as follows:

```hcl
vpc_name                   = "tf_test_vpc"
subnet_name                = "tf_test_subnet"
bandwidth_name             = "tf_test_bandwidth"
bandwidth_size             = 5
cluster_name               = "tf-test-cluster"
node_performance_type      = "computingv3"
keypair_name               = "tf_test_keypair"
node_name                  = "tf-test-node"
root_volume_size           = 40
root_volume_type           = "SSD"
data_volumes_configuration = [
  {
    volumetype = "SSD"
    size       = 100
  }
]
```

**Usage**:

1. Save the above content as a `terraform.tfvars` file in the working directory (this filename allows users to automatically import the content in the `tfvars` file when executing terraform commands, other naming requires adding `.auto` before tfvars, such as `variables.auto.tfvars`)
2. Modify the parameter values according to actual needs
3. When executing `terraform plan` or `terraform apply`, Terraform will automatically read the variable values in this file

In addition to using the `terraform.tfvars` file, you can also set variable values through the following methods:

1. Command line parameters: `terraform apply -var="vpc_name=my-vpc" -var="subnet_name=my-subnet"`
2. Environment variables: `export TF_VAR_vpc_name=my-vpc`
3. Custom named variable file: `terraform apply -var-file="custom.tfvars"`

> Note: If the same variable is set through multiple methods, Terraform will use variable values according to the following priority: command line parameters > variable file > environment variables > default values.

### 13. Initialize and Apply Terraform Configuration

After completing the above script configuration, execute the following steps to create resources:

1. Run `terraform init` to initialize the environment (this will download the Kubernetes provider and local provider)
2. Run `terraform plan` to view the resource creation plan
3. After confirming that the resource plan is correct, run `terraform apply` to start creating resources and configuration files
4. Run `terraform show` to view the created resources

> Note: After creation is complete, the KubeConfig configuration file will be saved in the `.kube/config` file, and the Kubernetes provider will use this file to connect to the CCE cluster. You can use this configuration file to manage cluster resources through kubectl commands or other Kubernetes tools.

## Reference Information

- [Huawei Cloud CCE Product Documentation](https://support.huaweicloud.com/cce/index.html)
- [Huawei Cloud Provider Documentation](https://registry.terraform.io/providers/huaweicloud/huaweicloud/latest/docs)
- [Kubernetes Provider Documentation](https://registry.terraform.io/providers/hashicorp/kubernetes/latest/docs)
- [Local Provider Documentation](https://registry.terraform.io/providers/hashicorp/local/latest/docs)
- [Best Practice Source Code Reference For CCE Kubernetes and Authenticate with Config](https://github.com/huaweicloud/terraform-provider-huaweicloud/tree/master/examples/cce/kubenetes/authenticate-with-config)
