# Autonomous-Vehicle Testing and Validation Zone Construction Proposal

> **Version**: V1.0
> **Date**: ____/__/__
> **Prepared by**: _________
> **Reviewed by**: _________
> **Approved by**: _________

---

## Executive Summary

### Project Positioning
The [City / Region Name] AV Testing and Validation Zone builds a [national / state / municipal] intelligent-and-connected-vehicle (ICV) testing and demonstration base, covering closed-track, semi-open-road, and open-road tiers, supporting R&D, testing, validation, and commercial exploration of SAE J3016 levels L1–L5 automated driving.

### Objectives
- **Test capacity**: support ____ concurrent vehicles; cover ____+ test scenarios
- **Infrastructure**: build ____ km of smart roads (RSU + sensors + MEC); ____ 5G / 5G-V2X RSU sites
- **Industry cluster**: attract ____+ AV / V2X companies; drive $____ billion of output
- **Demonstration ops**: Robotaxi / RoboBus / autonomous delivery / autonomous sanitation ____ vehicles in service

### Investment Overview
| Item | Value |
|------|------|
| Total estimated investment | $____ million |
| Construction period | ____ months |
| Forecast operating revenue (Year 3) | $____ million / year |
| Payback period | ____ years |
| Industry leverage | $____ billion |

---

## 1. Background and Policy Anchors

### 1.1 Industry Background
| Item | Content |
|------|------|
| Global AV stage | Moving from tech validation into commercial pilots (L4 Robotaxi in paid operation in multiple US / EU / APAC cities) |
| AV development status | As of [year], [region] has ____ designated test zones and ____+ issued test permits |
| V2X trend | C-V2X scaling toward cooperative-ITS deployment (vehicle-infrastructure-cloud, VIC) |
| 5G / 5G-A / 6G | 5G-V2X deploying at scale; 5G-A supports low-latency / high-reliability V2X |

### 1.2 Policy Anchors
| Level | Document / Programme | Core content |
|------|----------|----------|
| Supranational | UNECE WP.29 (R155 cyber / R156 SW update) | Type-approval for cyber-security and software updates |
| Supranational | EU / national AV type-approval frameworks | Safety assurance for automated lanes / vehicles |
| National | National automated-driving strategy | Domestic, controllable full value chain |
| National | Cooperative-ITS / VIC pilot programmes | Vehicle / road / cloud / net / map integration |
| State | [state policy] | [core content] |
| Municipal | [municipal policy] | [core content] |

### 1.3 Need for the Project
[State the necessity of an AV testing zone here — industrial base / research strength / mobility demand / regional competitiveness]

---

## 2. Site Selection

### 2.1 Principles
| Principle | Description |
|------|------|
| Road diversity | Highway / urban / rural / mountain / bridge / tunnel scenarios |
| Traffic complexity | Some flow but not gridlock, easy to test and control |
| Controllable interference | Natural / artificial separation between test and non-test zones |
| Expansion room | Reserved phased expansion closed → semi-open → open |
| Infrastructure | Existing comms / power / network to reduce capex |
| Industry support | Near auto industry / research / universities for talent and cluster |
| Policy support | Clear local rules and right-of-way opening policy |

### 2.2 Recommended Site
| Item | Content |
|------|------|
| Recommended area | [specific area / road names] |
| Closed track | [location], ____ acres (____ km²) |
| Semi-open road | [road list], total ____ km |
| Open road | [road list], total ____ km |
| Strengths | [analysis] |
| Weakness & mitigation | [weakness + response] |

### 2.3 Site Comparison
| Dimension | Candidate A | Candidate B | Candidate C | Weight |
|----------|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|
| Road diversity | | | | 20% |
| Expandability | | | | 15% |
| Infrastructure | | | | 15% |
| Industry support | | | | 15% |
| Policy support | | | | 20% |
| Land / build cost | | | | 15% |
| **Total score** | | | | 100% |

---

## 3. Zoning Plan

### 3.1 Three-Tier Test System
```
┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                   Open-Road Test Zone              │
│   ┌──────────────────────────────────────────┐   │
│   │            Semi-Open-Road Test Zone        │   │
│   │   ┌──────────────────────────────────┐   │   │
│   │   │        Closed Test Track           │   │   │
│   │   │   ┌────┬────┬────┬────┬────┐      │   │   │
│   │   │   │Hwy │Urban│Rural│Spec.│ VR │      │   │   │
│   │   │   │    │     │     │     │Sim │      │   │   │
│   │   │   └────┴────┴────┴────┴────┘      │   │   │
│   │   └──────────────────────────────────┘   │   │
│   └──────────────────────────────────────────┘   │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
```

### 3.2 Closed-Track Design
| Zone | Area | Content | Core facility |
|----------|:----:|----------|----------|
| Highway | __ ac | Ramp / merge / diverge / tunnel / long curve / toll | Sim highway + ETC gantry |
| Urban | __ ac | Signal junction / roundabout / crosswalk / bus stop / curb parking | Signal + roadside sensing + MEC |
| Rural | __ ac | Narrow road / no-marking / sharp bend / steep / gravel | Non-standard road + roadside camera |
| Special-weather | __ ac | Rain / fog / glare / night / tunnel / underpass | Weather simulation system |
| V2X | __ ac | V2V / V2I / V2P / V2N full scenarios | RSU + OBU + sensing + MEC |
| Parking | __ ac | Parallel / perpendicular / angled AVP | Spaces + chargers |
| Service | __ ac | Command / data center / office / maintenance / showroom | |

### 3.3 Semi-Open / Open Road Plan
| Road | Length (km) | Lanes | Type | Design speed | Scenario | Tier |
|----------|:-------:|:-----:|----------|:--------:|----------|:--------:|
| [Road 1] | __ | __ | [expressway] | __km/h | [multi-lane / interchange / toll] | Open |
| [Road 2] | __ | __ | [arterial] | __km/h | [signal / school / district] | Semi-open |
| [Road 3] | __ | __ | [collector] | __km/h | [roundabout / curb parking / peds] | Semi-open |
| [Road 4] | __ | __ | [local] | __km/h | [narrow / mixed traffic] | Semi-open |
| ... Total | __ | | | | | |

---

## 4. Road Infrastructure

### 4.1 Smart Road (RSU + Sensors + MEC)
| Element | Spec | Closed | Semi-open | Open | Total |
|----------|------|:---------:|:-----:|:---:|:---:|
| RSU | C-V2X PC5 + Uu | __ | __ | __ | __ |
| HD camera | 8 MP + AI | __ | __ | __ | __ |
| mmWave radar | 4D imaging | __ | __ | __ | __ |
| LiDAR | 300-line mechanical / solid-state | __ | __ | __ | __ |
| MEC edge | Compute >____ TOPS | __ | __ | __ | __ |
| Spacing | ____m (corridor) / ____m (junction) | | | | |

### 4.2 Roadside Sensing Coverage
| Capability | Sensor fusion | Range | Accuracy |
|----------|---------------|:--------:|:----:|
| Object detection & classification | Camera + radar + LiDAR | 300 m | >95% |
| Object localization | Multi-sensor + RTK + map | 300 m | Lat <0.5 m / Lon <1 m |
| Tracking | Multi-sensor + temporal + tracker | Whole route | Trajectory continuity >99% |
| Traffic-event detection | Video AI (stop / wrong-way / ped / debris / crash) | 200 m | >95% |
| Signal status | Signal comms + video recognition | Junction full | >99.9% |
| Road weather | Pavement sensor + micro-met station | 500 m spacing | |

---

## 5. HD Map and Positioning

### 5.1 HD Map
| Item | Content |
|------|------|
| Type | HD Map: lane-level geometry / topology / semantics / traffic facilities |
| Coverage | Closed ____ km² + semi-open ____ km + open ____ km |
| Accuracy | Absolute <20 cm, relative <10 cm |
| Update | Near-real-time (event / work) + monthly (full) |
| Map provider | [HERE / TomTom / Mapbox / Mobileye] |
| Format | NDS / OpenDRIVE / Apollo OpenDRIVE |

### 5.2 High-Precision Positioning
| Method | Technology | Accuracy | Scenario |
|----------|----------|:----:|----------|
| RTK differential | RTK base + onboard RTK | cm (2–5 cm) | Open road |
| PPP-RTK | Terrestrial + satellite augmentation | cm (5–10 cm) | No RTK coverage |
| IMU | MEMS / FOG IMU | Drift <0.1°/h | Tunnel / underpass / under-bridge |
| LiDAR SLAM | LiDAR + SLAM | cm | Indoor / parking / interchange |
| Visual SLAM | Vision + map match | Sub-meter | Feature-rich |
| UWB / BLE | Indoor / underground | Sub-meter | Tunnel / underground garage |

#### RTK Base-Station Plan
| Station | Location | Radius | Power | Comms |
|:---:|------|:--------:|:----:|------|
| Base 1 | [location] | 20 km | [grid / solar] | [fiber / 4G / 5G] |
| Base 2 | [location] | 20 km | | |
| ... | | | | |

---

## 6. 5G-V2X Network

### 6.1 Network Architecture
```
          Cloud-control platform
              │
    ┌─────────┼─────────┐
    │         │         │
  5G core   MEC node   MEC node
    │         │         │
    ├── 5G base ── 5G base ── 5G base
    │    │         │         │
    │    ├── V2X RSU ── V2X RSU
    │    │
    │    ├── V2X RSU (PC5 direct + Uu cellular)
    │    │
    └── OBU (PC5 + Uu)
```

### 6.2 V2X Communication
| Method | Tech | Band | Latency | Rate | Scenario |
|----------|------|------|:---:|:---:|----------|
| Uu (cellular) | 5G NR V2X | Operator band | <50 ms | >100 Mbps | Remote drive / video / map update |
| PC5 (direct) | LTE-V2X / NR-V2X | 5905–5925 MHz | <10 ms | >30 Mbps | V2V brake / signal / emergency brake |
| 4G LTE | LTE Uu | Operator band | 50–100 ms | | Non-latency / backup |
| Wi-Fi 6 | IEEE 802.11ax | 2.4 / 5 GHz | | | Closed / indoor |

### 6.3 RSU Deployment
| Road type | RSU model | Spacing | Mount | Power | Backhaul |
|----------|--------|:--------:|----------|------|------|
| Closed junction | [model] | Per junction | L-pole / gantry | Cabinet transformer | Fiber |
| Closed corridor | [model] | 300–500 m | L-pole | Cabinet transformer | Fiber |
| Urban open junction | [model] | Per junction | Signal / enforcement pole | Tapped | Fiber / 5G |
| Urban open corridor | [model] | 400–800 m | L-pole | Grid | 5G / fiber |
| Highway | [model] | 500–1000 m | Gantry | Grid / solar | Fiber / 5G |

---

## 7. Cloud-Control Platform

### 7.1 Architecture
```
┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│  Application Layer                                 │
│  Test mgmt | Vehicle monitor | Scenario gen        │
│  Data analytics | Simulation | Report | OTA        │
│  Operations | Display wall                              │
├──────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│  Platform Service Layer                            │
│  Vehicle access | Msg routing | Scenario orchestration│
│  Data store | MQTT | API GW | Auth | Billing      │
│  Log | Digital twin                                    │
├──────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│  Base Service Layer                                │
│  Container / K8s | DB (TS / Rel / Graph / NoSQL)     │
│  Message queue | Big-data (Spark / Flink) | AI/ML    │
│  Object storage                                      │
├──────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│  Infrastructure Layer (cloud or on-prem)           │
│  Compute | GPU cluster | Storage | Net | Security    │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
```

### 7.2 Functions
| Module | Description |
|----------|----------|
| **Vehicle access** | Unified multi-brand / multi-type AV onboarding (MQTT / HTTP / gRPC): registration / auth / status |
| **Roadside fusion** | Receive RSU / sensor / MEC data; multi-sensor fusion; global / local dynamic map |
| **Cooperative perception** | Roadside → vehicle perception (beyond-line-of-sight: hidden pedestrian / blind spot / distant object) |
| **Cooperative decision** | V2I signal / speed / route; V2V cooperative lane-change / merge / platoon |
| **Scenario mgmt** | Scenario DB (100+ standard), editing / replay / evaluation |
| **Real-time monitor** | All test vehicles 3D trajectory + video + telemetry + safety state |
| **Data mgmt** | Capture / store / label / train / replay lifecycle |
| **Simulation** | Digital-twin sim + scenario editor + SIL / HIL / VIL chain |
| **Evaluation** | Safety / comfort / compliance / efficiency auto-evaluation + report |
| **OTA** | Remote software / algorithm upgrade |
| **Operations** | Scheduling / resource / billing / report / safety-event mgmt |

---

## 8. Data Center and Simulation Platform

### 8.1 Data Center
| Item | Spec |
|------|------|
| Compute cluster | GPU servers ____ (NVIDIA A100 / H100 or equivalent) total ____ PFLOPS |
| Storage | All-flash ____ TB (hot) + HDD ____ PB (cold) + object ____ PB |
| Network | 25 / 100 GbE internal + ____ Gbps internet egress |
| Server room | [self-build / leased / cloud], IEC 62443 level __, Tier III |
| Data security | AV data security (geospatial / PII / important-data classification) |

### 8.2 Simulation Platform
| Type | Description | Tool | Use |
|----------|------|------|------|
| SIL | Algorithm in simulated env. | CARLA / AirSim / VTD / Prescan / LGSVL | Fast iteration |
| HIL | Real controller + simulated env. | dSPACE / NI / ETAS | Controller validation |
| VIL | Real vehicle + sim / mixed reality | AVL | Whole-vehicle validation |
| Traffic flow | Background traffic sim. | Vissim / SUMO / Aimsun | Complex interaction |
| Sensor sim. | Camera / LiDAR / Radar physical sim. | ANSYS / Unity / Unreal | Sensor validation |
| Digital-twin sim. | 1:1 twin of test zone | Unity + GIS / twin platform | Full-scenario validation |

### 8.3 Test-Data Management
| Stage | Description |
|------|------|
| Capture | Per-vehicle daily ____ TB (camera / LiDAR / radar / GNSS / CAN); onboard recorder |
| Anonymization | Auto face / plate masking per GDPR / data-protection law |
| Labeling | 2D / 3D / 4D auto + manual; ____ frames/day |
| Scenario extraction | Auto cut / classify / label / store (takeover / risk / typical / edge) |
| Training | Distributed training; data loop: capture → label → train → validate → deploy |
| Compliance | Geospatial surveying compliance; PII protection; data residency |

---

## 9. Vehicle Test Tooling

### 9.1 Equipment
| Equipment | Use | Spec | Qty |
|------|------|------|:---:|
| High-precision GNSS/INS | Ground truth | RTK + IMU, 2 cm + 0.02° | __ |
| Driving robot | Reproduce test actions | Pedal / steer / shift | __ |
| Pedestrian / vehicle / bike dummy | Target simulation | Euro NCAP standard | __ |
| ADAS calibration target | Sensor calibration | Camera / LiDAR / radar panel | __ |
| V2X tester | PC5 / Uu conformance | R&S / Keysight | __ |
| Data recorder | Multi-sensor sync | Time sync <1 μs | __ |
| Weather sim. | Rain / fog / glare / night | Climate chamber / vehicle | __ |

---

## 10. Safety System

### 10.1 Operational Safety
| Domain | Measure |
|------|------|
| Test safety | Mandatory safety driver / L4+ remote monitor / e-stop / auto collision warning / geo-fence |
| Road safety | Warning signs + strobe + physical separation + speed limit + full video |
| Emergency response | Safety driver + on-site team + fire / EMS linkage + incident plan |
| Insurance | ≥ $____k third-party liability + test insurance per vehicle |

### 10.2 Cyber Security
| Layer | Measure | Standard |
|----------|------|------|
| Comms | V2X cert mgmt (PKI / SCMS) + TLS / DTLS + auth | IEEE 1609.2 |
| Data | Classification / masking / encryption / residency / geo compliance | GDPR / data-protection law |
| Platform | IEC 62443 assessment / pentest / SOC / WAF / DDoS | IEC 62443 |
| Vehicle | T-Box security / OTA security / in-vehicle isolation / IDS | ISO 21434 / UNECE WP.29 |
| Ops | Security monitoring / SOC / response plan / drill | NIST CSF |

---

## 11. Test-Scenario Design

### 11.1 Classification (100+ scenarios)
| Category | Count | Examples |
|----------|:---:|----------|
| 1. Road type | 10 | Highway / urban arterial / collector / local / rural / tunnel / bridge / ramp / roundabout / toll |
| 2. Road users | 15 | Pedestrian / cyclist / e-bike / motorcyclist / car / truck / bus / emergency / animal / work zone |
| 3. Facilities | 10 | Signal / stop line / yield / crosswalk / speed bump / height limit / width limit / tidal lane / variable lane |
| 4. Maneuvers | 12 | Follow / overtake / lane-change / merge / diverge / U-turn / emergency brake / avoid / park |
| 5. Hazard | 15 | Hidden pedestrian / lead hard-brake / jaywalker / cut-in / junction conflict / wrong-way / dooring |
| 6. Weather / light | 12 | Clear / overcast / rain / snow / fog / dust / glare / night / tunnel / backlight / streetlight / dusk |
| 7. Road cond. | 8 | Dry / wet / snow / ice / ponding / gravel / pothole / bump |
| 8. V2X | 15 | Signal push / emergency-vehicle warning / upstream jam / work warning / green-wave |
| 9. Edge | 10 | Partial sensor failure / map drift / positioning drift / GNSS loss / comms loss |
| 10. Compliance | 10 | Speed / signal / stop line / yield pedestrian / bus lane / restriction / no-park |

### 11.2 Methodology
| Step | Content |
|:---:|------|
| 1 | Derive high-risk scenarios from real crash / takeover data |
| 2 | Parameterize: position / speed / accel / gap / time-headway / sight distance |
| 3 | Generalize: vary key params (e.g., speed 20→80) to generate variants |
| 4 | Layer: functional → logical → concrete → parameterized scenario |
| 5 | Library: scenario ID / class / params / tags / source / difficulty / standard |
| 6 | Sim → real: reduce real-vehicle cost and risk |

---

## 12. Operating Model

### 12.1 Operating Entity
Recommend "public-led + enterprise-operated":
- Public (authority / platform company): asset investment + policy + supervision
- Operator (SOE / JV / PPP): daily ops + test service + commercial dev. + investment promotion

### 12.2 Service Products
| Type | Content | Pricing | Customer |
|------|------|----------|----------|
| Track rental | Closed track by slot / scenario | Per hour / day / scenario | OEM / AV firm |
| Open-road test | Open-road permit + roadside service | Per vehicle / month + service | OEM / AV firm |
| Cloud service | Fusion / data / sim / evaluation | SaaS subscription + usage | OEM / supplier |
| Labeling | 2D / 3D / 4D auto + manual | Per frame / item | AI / OEM |
| Simulation | SIL / HIL / VIL + scenario library | SaaS + sim-mile | OEM / supplier |
| Equipment rental | Sensor / compute / recorder | Per day / month | Test firm |
| Safety-driver service | Pro driver + engineer | Per person / day | Visiting firm |
| Certification / report | 3rd-party cert / test report / safety assessment | Per cert / project | OEM / Tier 1 |

---

## 13. Industry Ecosystem

### 13.1 Investment Promotion
| Direction | Target firms | Advantage |
|----------|-------------|----------|
| AV | OEM (L4 Robotaxi / RoboBus / delivery / sanitation) | Facilities + right-of-way + scenarios |
| Perception | LiDAR / 4D radar / camera / CIS | Validation + industry fund |
| Compute | AV chip / domain controller / platform | Policy + talent + market |
| V2X | RSU / OBU / 5G module / C-V2X chip | Scenario + infrastructure |
| HD map | Map provider / positioning service | Data capture + update need |
| Simulation & test | Toolchain / labeling / cert | Track + data |
| Mobility service | Robotaxi / RoboBus / delivery ops | Right-of-way + policy + funding |

### 13.2 Industry–Academia–Research
| Partner | Collaboration |
|--------|----------|
| [University 1] | Joint lab / talent / research |
| [University 2] | |
| [Research institute] | Standards / white paper / direction |
| [Industry association] | Forum / competition / training / standards |

---

## 14. Investment and Revenue

### 14.1 Investment Estimate
| # | Item | Phase 1 (closed+semi) | Phase 2 (open road) | Phase 3 (commercial) | Total |
|:---:|----------|:---------------:|:------------:|:---------------:|:---:|
| 1 | Land & civil | $____ | $____ | — | $____ |
| 2 | Road retrofit | $____ | $____ | — | $____ |
| 3 | Roadside sensing | $____ | $____ | $____ | $____ |
| 4 | RSU / 5G | $____ | $____ | $____ | $____ |
| 5 | MEC edge | $____ | $____ | $____ | $____ |
| 6 | RTK base | $____ | $____ | $____ | $____ |
| 7 | HD map | $____ | $____ | $____ | $____ |
| 8 | Cloud platform | $____ | $____ | $____ | $____ |
| 9 | Data center + sim | $____ | $____ | $____ | $____ |
| 10 | Vehicle test equip. | $____ | $____ | $____ | $____ |
| 11 | Safety system | $____ | $____ | $____ | $____ |
| 12 | Ops center (building) | $____ | — | — | $____ |
| 13 | Contingency | $____ | $____ | $____ | $____ |
| | **Total** | **$____** | **$____** | **$____** | **$____** |

### 14.2 Revenue Forecast (Years 3–5)
| Revenue | Y1 | Y2 | Y3 | Y4 | Y5 |
|--------|:----:|:----:|:----:|:----:|:----:|
| Track rental | $___ | $___ | $___ | $___ | $___ |
| Platform service | $___ | $___ | $___ | $___ | $___ |
| Labeling | $___ | $___ | $___ | $___ | $___ |
| Simulation | $___ | $___ | $___ | $___ | $___ |
| Equipment rental | $___ | $___ | $___ | $___ | $___ |
| Cert / report | $___ | $___ | $___ | $___ | $___ |
| Ops service | $___ | $___ | $___ | $___ | $___ |
| Training / events | $___ | $___ | $___ | $___ | $___ |
| **Total** | **$___** | **$___** | **$___** | **$___** | **$___** |

---

## 15. Phased Implementation

| Phase | Time | Scope | Investment | Milestone |
|------|------|------|:----:|--------|
| 1 (core) | ____/__–__ | Closed track + semi-open retrofit + RSU / sensor / MEC / RTK / cloud 1.0 / data center 1.0 | $___k | Track in operation |
| 2 (scale) | ____/__–__ | Open-road retrofit + full V2X + cloud 2.0 + sim + HD map full | $___k | Open-road testing starts |
| 3 (commercial) | ____/__–__ | Robotaxi / RoboBus paid ops + delivery / sanitation at scale + industry park + data assetization | $___k | Paid AV operation |

---

> **Usage note**: This template fits a national / state / municipal AV testing zone or VIC pilot. Key success factors: local right-of-way opening policy, scenario diversity and coverage, V2X infrastructure density, and industry-cluster effect. Replace `[placeholder]` with project data.

> **Legal notice**: This template is protected by applicable copyright law and is provided for personal study and reference only; commercial use requires the author's written permission.

> **Disclaimer**: This template is for study and reference only and does not constitute professional advice of any kind. AV testing zones involve public-road safety and geospatial-data compliance; implementation must pass transport-authority approval, independent safety assessment, and compliance review. The author accepts no liability for any loss arising from use of or reliance on this template.

> **Author**: yinjianheng | yinjianheng@foxmail.com
